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MSIE 11 garbage collector attribute type confusion

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(MS16-063, CVE-2016-0199)

With MS16-063 Microsoft has patched CVE-2016-0199: a memory corruption bug in the garbage collector of the JavaScript engine used in Internet Explorer 11. By exploiting this vulnerability, a website can causes this garbage collector to handle some data in memory as if it was an object, when in fact it contains data for another type of value, such as a string or number. The garbage collector code will use this data as a virtual function table (vftable) in order to make a virtual function call. An attacker has enough control over this data to allow execution of arbitrary code.

MS Edge Tree::ANode::IsInTree use-after-free (MemGC) & Abandonment

5 April 2023 at 19:10

A specially crafted Javascript inside an HTML page can trigger a use-after-free bug in Tree::ANode::IsInTree or a breakpoint in Abandonment::InduceAbandonment in Microsoft Edge. The use-after-free bug is mitigated by MemGC: if MemGC is enabled (which it is by default) the memory is never freed. This effectively prevents exploitation of the issue. The Abandonment appears to be triggered by a stack exhaustion bug; the Javascript creates a loop where an event handler triggers a new event, which in turn triggers the event handler, etc.. This consumes a stack space until there is no more stack available. Edge does appear to be able to handle such a situation gracefully under certain conditions, but not all. It is easy to avoid those conditions to force triggering the Abandonment.

The interesting thing is that this indicates that the assumption that "hitting Abandonment means a bug is not a security issue" may not be correct in all cases.

MS Edge CDOMTextNode::get_data type confusion

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(MS16-002, CVE-2016-0003)

Specially crafted Javascript inside an HTML page can trigger a type confusion bug in Microsoft Edge that allows accessing a C++ object as if it was a BSTR string. This can result in information disclosure, such as allowing an attacker to determine the value of pointers to other objects and/or functions. This information can be used to bypass ASLR mitigations. It may also be possible to modify arbitrary memory and achieve remote code execution, but this was not investigated.

MSIE 9-11 MSHTML PROPERTYDESC::HandleStyleComponentProperty out-of-bounds read

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(MS16-104, CVE-2016-3324)

A specially crafted web-page can cause Microsoft Internet Explorer 9-11 to assume a CSS value stored as a string can only be "true" or "false". To determine which of these two values it is, the code checks if the fifth character is an 'e' or a '\0'. An attacker that is able to set it to a smaller string can cause the code to read data out-of-bounds and is able to determine if a WCHAR value stored behind that string is '\0' or not.

MS Edge CTreePosGap::PartitionPointers use-after-free (MemGC)

5 April 2023 at 19:10

A specially crafted Javascript inside an HTML page can trigger a use-after-free bug in the CTreePosGap::PartitionPointers function of edgehtml.dll in Microsoft Edge. This use-after-free bug is mitigated by MemGC by default: with MemGC enabled the memory is never actually freed. This mitigation is considered sufficient to make this a non-security issue as explained by Microsoft SWIAT in their blog post Triaging the exploitability of IE/Edge crashes.

Since this is not considered a security issue, I have the opportunity to share details about the issue with you before the issue has been fixed. And since Microsoft are unlikely to provide a fix for this issue on short notice, you should be able to reproduce this issue for some time after publication of this post. I will try to explain how I analyzed this issue using BugId and EdgeDbg, so that you can reproduce what I did and see for yourself.

VBScript RegExpComp::PnodeParse out-of-bounds read

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(The fix and CVE number for this bug are not known)

A specially crafted script can cause the VBScript engine to read data beyond a memory block for use as a regular expression. An attacker that is able to run such a script in any application that embeds the VBScript engine may be able to disclose information stored after this memory block. This includes all versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Magic values in 32-bit processes and 64-bit OS-es

12 November 2020 at 12:00

Software components such as memory managers often use magic values to mark memory as having a certain state. These magic values have often (but not always) been chosen to coincide with addresses that fall outside of the user-land address space on 32-bit versions of the Operating System. This ensures that if a vulnerability in the software allows an attacker to get the code to use such a value as a pointer, this results in an access violation. However, on 64-bit architectures the entire 32-bit address space can be used for user-land allocations, allowing an attacker to allocate memory at all the addresses commonly used as magic values and exploit such a vulnerability.

Heap spraying high addresses in 32-bit Chrome/Firefox on 64-bit Windows

12 November 2020 at 12:00

In my previous blog post I wrote about "magic values" that were originally chosen to help mitigate exploitation of memory corruption flaws and how this mitigation could potentially be bypassed on 64-bit Operating Systems, specifically Windows. In this blog post, I will explain how to create a heap spray (of sorts) that can be used to allocate memory in the relevant address space range and fill it with arbitrary data for use in exploiting such a vulnerability.

MSIE 11 MSHTML CView::CalculateImageImmunity use-after-free

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(The fix and CVE number for this bug are not known)

A specially crafted web-page can cause Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 to free a memory block that contains information about an image. The code continues to use the data in freed memory block immediately after freeing it. It does not appear that there is enough time between the free and reuse to exploit this issue.

MSIE 9 MSHTML CPtsTextParaclient::CountApes out-of-bounds read

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(The fix and CVE number for this bug are not known)

A specially crafted web-page can cause Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 to access data before the start of a memory block. An attack that is able to control what is stored before this memory block may be able to disclose information from memory or execute arbitrary code.

MSIE 10&11 BuildAnimation NULL pointer dereference

12 November 2020 at 12:00

A specially crafted style sheet inside an HTML page can trigger a NULL pointer dereference in Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11. The pointer in question is assumed to point to a function, and the code attempts to use it to execute this function, which normally leads to an access violation when attempting to execute unmapped memory at address 0. In some cases, Control Flow Guard (CFG) will attempt to check if the address is a valid indirect call target. Because of the way CFG is implemented, this can lead to a read access violation in unmapped memory at a seemingly arbitrary address.

VBScript CRegExp::Execute use of uninitialized memory

5 April 2023 at 19:10

(MS14-080 and MS14-084, CVE-2014-6363)

A specially crafted script can cause the VBScript engine to access data before initializing it. An attacker that is able to run such a script in any application that embeds the VBScript engine may be able to control execution flow and execute arbitrary code. This includes all versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer.

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